C-295 Transport Aircraft For IAF To Be Manufactured By Tata-Airbus Joint Venture In Gujarat's Vadodara

The C-295 transport aircraft procured for the Indian Air Force (IAF) will be manufactured by a Tata-Airbus joint venture in Gujarat's Vadodara.

The Cabinet Committee on Security had approved the procurement of 56 C-295 transport aircraft for the IAF from Airbus under a deal expected to be worth $2.5 billion in September last year.

The remaining 40 aircraft will be built at the new Tata-Airbus facility. Over the next few years, India is likely to buy more of these aircraft, which will also be built at the same facility. The Tata-Airbus facility at Vadodara will also build aircraft for exports, officials have said.

This is the first time a military aircraft will be manufactured in India by a private company, the Ministry of Defence had said back then.

The long pending deal for the twin turboprop transport aircraft will bring much-needed relief not only for European aerospace giant Airbus, which has seen its campaigns for lucrative defence contracts in India fail over the last few years, but also for the IAF and the domestic defence industry.

For the IAF, C295s will come as replacements for its ageing Avro HS748 transport aircraft. The first of the now vintage aircraft flew with the IAF for the first time in the early 1960s. Around 50 of these, licence-produced in India by the Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, are currently in service.

“The Indian air force has a current active fleet of 60 Rolls-Royce Dart-engined HS 748s, aged between 35 and 58 years,” aviation news website FlightGlobal said in 2019, citing Cirium, a provider of travel industry data and analytics.

The C295 is a tactical transport aircraft capable of lifting 6 tonnes — it can carry five cargo pallets or 71 troops or 50 paratroopers. The rear ramp door of the aircraft can be used for quick reaction and para dropping of troops and cargo.

It has been designed to provide low-level flight characteristics for tactical missions, flying at speeds down to 110 knots.

The aircraft can land on and take off from short, unprepared airstrips not accessible to heavier transport aircraft, a feature which makes it useful for operations from Advanced Landing Grounds along India’s China frontier.

The C295 is capable of operating “from short (no longer than 670 m/2,200 ft), soft and rough (CBR 2) unprepared airstrips,” Airbus says.

"With cabin dimensions of 12.7 m/41 ft 8 in, it has the longest unobstructed cabin in its class. It can accommodate up to 71 seats, offering a much higher personnel-carrying capability than its competitors. For the same reason, it can carry much more palletised cargo (up to five 88 in by 108 in standard HCU-6E pallets) with direct off-loading through its rear ramp door," it adds.

“The case [C295 deal] is first of its kind which envisages participation of private companies and would prove to be a boost for our defence industry,” the Ministry of Defence said in its year-end review for 2020.

"The project will give a boost to aerospace ecosystem in India wherein several MSMEs in the country will be involved in manufacturing of parts of the aircraft,” it added in the statement released in September 2021.

"96% of the total man hour work per aircraft that Airbus employs at its manufacturing facility at Spain will be undertaken in India by the TATA Consortium," the Ministry of Defence said today.

Over 13,400 detail parts, 4,600 sub-assemblies and all the seven major component assemblies will be undertaken in India, it added.

Moreover, the number of C295s to be produced in India could go up in the future as the Indian Coast Guard, which plans to use it as a multi-mission maritime aircraft, has projected a requirement of six.

While the Coast Guard’s requirement could go up a total of 19 in the near future, more numbers will be added if the IAF decides to replace its fleet of An-32 transport aircraft with C295s.

Dirk Hoke, the Chief Executive Officer of Airbus Defence & Space, recently told aviation news website FlightGlobal that the requirement for the C295 in India could eventually grow to “at least 150 and beyond”.

Replacing the An-32s with C295 will make sense because the IAF will already have the aircraft in the fleet. Induction of the aircraft to replace another type in its aircraft mix will make logistics of spares easier — IAF faces daunting logistics challenges due to the staggering diversity in its fleet.

The replacement of IAF’s An-32s with C295s will also make economic sense as the economics of scale will kick in, not only for the production of the aircraft in India but also for future upgrades of the aircraft.

“The C-295 aircraft would also be the natural replacement for AN-32s which too would be getting phased out soon,” Air Vice Marshal Manmohan Bahadur (retd) has been quoted by the Hindustan Times as saying.