Science
What Our Complaint With 'Oppenheimer' Should Be — No, It's Not About THAT Scene
- Christopher Nolan's film creates the impression that it was Oppenheimer who first predicted blackholes.
- In reality, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar had presented his thesis a full five years before Oppenheimer's paper.
J. Robert Oppenheimer (L); Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.
As this reviewer feared, a section of the 'right-wing' has begun to protest against the 'bedroom' scene in the movie Oppenheimer.
In this scene, a Marxist psychiatrist (a contradiction in terms actually) with a Jungian perspective, attempts to impress upon Oppenheimer, the power of an atom bomb.
To do so, she asks him to read a passage from the Gita, describing the terrible, destructive aspect of the cosmic manifestation of Vishnu. The translation is wrong.
While the verse could be used by science teachers to help students understand entropy poetically, Oppenheimer and his Communist psychiatrist girlfriend interpret it more apocalyptically.
The intention behind the scene is clear: the psychiatrist aims to convey a vision of destruction to her physicist lover in an intimate moment.
Getting worked up about this portrayal is thus juvenile.
However, there's another depiction in the movie that should genuinely concern us.
The black hole
Oppenheimer, along with another American physicist, Hartland Snyder, had published a paper in Physical Review dated 1 September, 1939, titled 'On Continued Gravitational Contraction' .
Applying Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, Oppenheimer and Snyder predicted:
The movie shows Oppenheimer explain the concept of a black hole to his friends. Almost everyone is baffled. It is made to look like he was predicting something entirely anew. (Nolan's homework here must be appreciated).
But wait.
It was actually an Indian scientist who had predicted blackholes at least five years before this paper. He was however ignored by the scientific orthodoxy of the West.
He was Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1910-1995).
In 1930, a 20-year-old Chandrasekhar, who had spent only a year in his graduate studies at Trinity College, Cambridge, challenged the prevailing wisdom on dying stars.
His astrophysics mentor at Trinity was Sir Arthur Eddington. By 1933, Chandrasekhar had finished his doctoral thesis, and Eddington ensured that his student's thesis was presented at the Royal Astronomical Society in London in 1935.
What was the thesis about?
But Chandrasekhar said stars with a mass of at least 1.44 times that of the Sun would not just stop at that. Here, gravity would be able to conquer the repulsion and the stars would continue to collapse.
Into what? Black holes!
On 11 January, 1935, that is five years before Oppenheimer-Snyder paper, Chandrasekhar presented his thesis.
However, what was to be a moment of triumph for the young Indian turned into a day of horror as Eddington launched a savage attack on the work.
Despite the weakness of the arguments of Eddington, the establishment scientists sided with him.
Physicist and historian of science, Arthur Miller describes it thus in his book Empire of the Stars: Friendship, Obsession and Betrayal in the Quest for Black Holes:
One would have expected that Nolan point out the Indian connection here. On the contrary, his movie has unfortunately created the wrong impression that it was Oppenheimer who first predicted blackholes.
But then, Arthur Miller's Empire of the Stars was published the same year as American Prometheus—2005. The latter being the work on which Nolan based his movie.
So what can we actually complain about?
